What does glory & glorify signify in John’s Gospel? How can the cross be seen as glorious rather than shameful?

In biblical times when the lingua franca was koine Greek, δόξα referred to one's “reputation” in regular Greek literature. However, since the New Testament consists of Greek words filled with Hebrew meanings, δόξα took on a new meaning when the Hebrew word for the experience of God's presence (literally a form of the word “heavy” in Hebrew...one might say God's presence was a “weighty matter”) was loosely translated as “God's reputation” in the Septuagint (LXX, the Greek version of the Old Testament) (Larkin, William J.). The author John, being a good Hebrew (along with most other biblical writers), still understood the original Hebrew sense of the word “glory” and so it took on a unique concept – "manifested majesty."  The “weight” of God was thought of as His essential being manifested for all to see. Since, God is hidden, or better invisible, God reveals Himself through Jesus Christ, God's literal manifested essential being of majesty. As a result, Jesus taught that He “exegetes” the Father, repeatedly stating variations of “Whoever has seen me has seen the Father” (John 14:9).

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Furthermore, John expresses that two of God the Father's quintessential characteristics are love (“God is Love”) and justice “God is Light”). It is through this fact that we can begin to understand Jesus' discourses on His death as the coming glorification of God. For the ultimate manifestation of God's love and justice is displayed on the cross. For it is on the cross where God incarnate died to satisfy the wrath of God (justice) that restoration for all mankind occurred (love). In the upside down Kingdom, God uses a slave's shameful cross as the instrument to glorify the Creator of the universe.    

Glory - δόξα

1. 1:14 – The incarnation was God's glory in human form
   
2. 2:11 – Jesus first miracle is called the manifestation of Christ's glory
   
3. 5:41+44 – Christ showed that (true) glory comes not from people, but from the only God
   
4. 7:18 – Those who seek their own glory stand on their own authority, but those who seek God's glory stays true to the mission God sent him on
   
5. 8:50+54 – Jesus did not come to seek glory, but came so that glory might be given to God, who seeks glory from all peoples. God glorified Jesus for seeking God's glorification.
   
6. 9:24 – Hebrew idiom “give glory to God” meaning “confess”
   
7. 11:4 – Lazarus sickness is said to be for God's glory by glorifying Christ via his resuscitation
   
8. 11:40 – Jesus refers to the miracle of Lazarus resurrection as seeing the glory of God
   
9. 12:41 – Isaiah is said to have prophesied because he saw the glory of the Messiah.
   
10. 12:43 – Glory, honor, or prestige from men vs. God
    
11. 17:5 – Jesus asks God to glorify Him with the glory that He had before the world's creation
    
12. 17:22 – Christ prayed to God saying that His God-given glory He has given to His disicples
    
13. 17:24 – Christ prayed that His disciples would see His glory when they are with Him
    
    

Glorify – δοξάζω

1. 7:39 – The Holy Spirit was given only after Jesus was glorified
   
2. 8:54 – Jesus denounces glorifying himself since it would circumvent being glorified
   
3. 11:4 - Lazarus sickness is said to be for God's glory by glorifying Christ via his resuscitation
   
4. 12:16 – The disciples understood the Triumphal entry only after Christ was glorified
   
5. 12:23 – Jesus speaks of the hour of His death as the hour to be glorified
   
6. 12:28 – Jesus asks God to glorify His own name, which God answers stating He has and will
   
7. 13:31-32 – Jesus speaks of His coming suffering & resurrection as the glorifying process
   
8. 14:13 – Requests of the Father in Jesus name have the effect of God glorifying the son
   
9. 15:8 – God is glorified by following Christ's commands and teachings
   
10. 16:14 – The Holy Spirit will glorify Christ by taking what is Christ's and proclaiming it
    
11. 17:1, 4-5 – Jesus speaks of how His ministry has glorified God, and that through His death God will glorify Him with the glory Christ had before the world was created.
    
12. 17:10 – Christ is glorified in the elect
    
13. 21:19 – Christ speaks of the kind of death He would die to glorify God.